The technology partnership between India and the United States is entering a new phase as both countries shift from strategic discussions to the implementation of major initiatives in semiconductors, artificial intelligence (AI), and critical minerals. Supported by the US-India TRUST Initiative and the PAX Silica Declaration, the collaboration is focused on creating secure technology supply chains, expanding research capabilities, and accelerating innovation across key industries.
The foundation for this growing cooperation was established in February 2025 when Prime Minister Narendra Modi and President Donald Trump introduced the Transforming the Relationship Utilizing Strategic Technologies (TRUST) initiative. The framework was designed to unlock opportunities in emerging technologies and encourage the responsible use of AI to drive innovation, economic growth, and societal benefits. Since then, both nations have made notable progress toward turning those goals into actionable projects.
Semiconductor manufacturing remains one of the most important pillars of the partnership. Initiatives such as the Shakti Semiconductor Fab are working to develop advanced compound semiconductors for applications in electric vehicles, aerospace systems, and other high-tech sectors. At the same time, leading American companies are collaborating with Indian technology firms to validate semiconductor designs, strengthen engineering expertise, and help build a skilled workforce capable of supporting future industry demands.
India’s participation in the PAX Silica Declaration has further enhanced its position in a select international network committed to creating resilient and trusted technology supply chains. The initiative aims to reduce dependence on single-source suppliers and ensure reliable access to essential materials required for semiconductor production and advanced manufacturing.
Artificial intelligence has emerged as another major area of cooperation. Officials from both countries are working on a comprehensive AI Infrastructure Roadmap that seeks to address challenges related to financing, energy requirements, and the deployment of large-scale AI systems. The United States views India as a strategic location for expanding AI infrastructure, while American technology companies see significant opportunities in the country’s rapidly growing AI market.
Major technology giants, including Amazon, Microsoft, and Google, have already committed multi-billion-dollar investments to strengthen cloud computing networks and expand data center capabilities across India. These investments are expected to increase computing capacity, support startups, and encourage cross-border innovation.
Beyond AI and semiconductors, India and the United States have also strengthened cooperation in critical minerals and rare earth resources. A recently signed agreement will promote joint investments and financing opportunities, helping secure access to essential materials used in semiconductors, electric vehicles, renewable energy technologies, and defense systems. Together, these efforts are laying the groundwork for a stronger, more resilient, and innovation-driven technology partnership between the two nations.
