In recent years, the Mediterranean diet has gained widespread popularity due to its health benefits, which include a mix of plant-based foods, healthy fats, and whole grains. Recognized as the top diet for seven consecutive years in U.S. News & World Report’s annual survey, the Mediterranean diet has been linked to numerous health improvements. Studies have shown that it can lower blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar levels, while also reducing the risk of diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular issues, and certain cancers.
Emerging research from Universitas Sumatera Utara in Indonesia suggests that the Mediterranean diet may also help reduce the risk of COVID-19, a virus caused by SARS-CoV-2. According to Dr. Andre Marolop Pangihutan Siahaan, a researcher at the university, the diet’s benefits in managing chronic conditions like cardiovascular disease and diabetes may extend to enhancing immune function and reducing inflammation, which is crucial in the context of COVID-19.
The study, published in PLoS ONE, analyzed data from six observational studies involving over 55,000 participants. Researchers found a consistent association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and lower odds of COVID-19 infection. Despite this, the exact extent of the diet’s impact on COVID-19 symptoms and severity remains unclear, with some results being inconsistent.
Dr. Siahaan highlighted the importance of this research, especially in light of ongoing COVID-19 waves and the increasing concern about reinfections. While the diet appears to offer some protective benefits, experts like Monique Richard, MS, RDN, LDN, and David Cutler, MD, caution that diet alone cannot determine COVID-19 outcomes. Richard suggests focusing on a balanced diet rich in immune-supportive nutrients, while Cutler emphasizes preventive measures like proper mask usage.
As flu season approaches, maintaining a diet high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats can support overall immune health. Consulting with a registered dietitian may provide personalized advice on optimizing nutrition to enhance immune function.
